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Mesothelioma Cancer Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that is triggered by exposure to asbestos. Inhaling asbestos fibers cause mesothelioma pleural and swallowing asbestos can lead to peritoneal mesothelioma. Symptoms can appear within 10 to 50 years of the initial diagnosis. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, chest pain and a shortness of breath. Risk Factors Mesothelioma is a form of asbestos that develops when asbestos fibers are introduced into the body. Pleural mesothelioma is a form of cancer that develops in linings of the chest cavity or lungs. Less commonly, mesothelioma develops in the peritoneum or in the heart's membrane (pericardium). The cancer may take up to 50 years to develop before it manifests symptoms. The symptoms are often mistaken for flu like illnesses. Mesothelioma most often affects older people, and it is more prevalent in men than women. Exposure to asbestos is the main risk factor for mesothelioma. Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral composed of tiny fibres, was utilized in the construction of buildings, like in ceilings and walls. It is abrasive to heat and fire. It was also widely employed in the production of products like pipes, insulation, shingles and cement. Mesothelioma is a deadly disease for those who work in industries that make use of asbestos, like mining, shipbuilding or construction. Even those who have only had a second exposure to asbestos such as relatives who brought home asbestos-covered clothing or skin are at risk. A small proportion (less than 5%) of mesothelioma can be traced to a mutation in the gene BAP1. This genetic change increases the chance of developing mesothelioma in those who have been exposed to asbestos. The patient's age is also a risk factor. Mesothelioma typically affects those who are over 45 and two-thirds of those diagnosed are aged 65 or older. This is due to the long time between exposure to asbestos. However, it could also be that older people are more likely to develop the disease because of the long-term exposure. Mesothelioma is more prevalent in white males than females or members of any other race. This is because historically, more white men worked in occupations which put them at a higher risk of asbestos exposure than other groups. Mesothelioma is most often afflicted by those who were exposed asbestos prior to the 1980s, when more stringent regulations were in place. Symptoms Mesothelioma is an asbestos-related tumor that forms in the protective linings of many organs of the body. The cancerous tumors can cause severe discomfort and cause damage to the tissue. The malignancy could spread to other parts of the body via the lymphatic system or the bloodstream. The symptoms of mesothelioma can be similar to other illnesses such as influenza or pneumonia. It usually takes between 10 and 50 years to show up after exposure to asbestos. This time of latency makes it difficult to diagnose mesothelioma early. Additionally, the symptoms can be misinterpreted as other diseases. The majority of malignant tumors start in the lungs or chest cavity (pleura). But mesothelioma can also grow in the tissues surrounding the heart and abdomen. In rare instances the disease may affect the testes' lining or the sac that surrounds the heart (pericardium). Asbestos is a class of minerals that create long thin fibers. These fibers are so tough that they cannot be broken down by chemical and water, or by bacteria. They were used extensively in a variety of construction and household products before scientists realised how hazardous they were to people's lives. Most mesothelioma cases were caused by exposure to asbestos either at work or at home. The majority of patients who were exposed were employed in the US Navy or Air Force, Shipbuilding Industry, or Construction. Men are more likely to develop mesothelioma than females. Veterans account for approximately 30% of all cases. Medical tests and imaging scans can aid in diagnosing mesothelioma. These include X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and PET scans. The doctor may also send a sample of tissue to a lab for testing. The results will help determine the mesothelioma's stage and type, which impacts prognosis as well as treatment options. Most types of mesothelioma are epithelioid or sarcomatoid, and between 10% and 15 percent are biphasic or mixed. Epithelioid cancer is less invasive and typically has the highest survival rate. Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma is harder to identify and has a lower prognosis. Diagnosis Mesothelioma is a difficult cancer to detect especially in its initial stages. Patients should first visit their primary physician if they are experiencing any symptoms like chest pain or coughing. The doctor will use a stethoscope to listen to the patient's breathing and record their health history and work history. This includes any previous asbestos exposure, which is important to determine if mesothelioma is present. Doctors must rule out other diseases before they can confirm the diagnosis since mesothelioma symptoms are similar to those of other diseases. For example the cancer is often spread to the lungs of a patient from other parts of their body, for instance, their abdomen or chest wall. Asbestos sufferers are at risk of lung diseases, such as mesothelioma, pneumonia, and pleural symptoms can be confused with other respiratory illnesses. Mesothelioma is diagnosed through blood tests, imaging tests and biopsies. These tests aid doctors in locating the location of the cancer, which is most typically in the lungs, but can also be in the stomach or the testicles. The tests can help doctors determine how far cancer has spread throughout the body. A CT scan or MRI could reveal signs of mesothelioma. This includes calcium deposits (also called plaque) in the pleura, and a buildup between the lungs and chest wall. These tests can also reveal whether a patient has more lungs on one side or the other. In many instances, a biopsy is required to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma. This procedure involves taking a small amount of tissue and analyzing it in a laboratory for mesothelioma cell. Certain patients might require additional tests, such as FDG-positron emissions tomography (PET) which permits doctors to look at the lymph nodes in the middle of the chest and to take samples of the lymph nodes, or endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) using sound waves to look at the lungs and the mesothelium. Mesothelioma is a rare cancer, is currently being treated by medical professionals. As a result, patients who are diagnosed with the cancer must consider their options carefully and determine the best treatment for them. Treatment Mesothelioma may affect the lung linings or abdomen (peritoneal cancer), or heart (pericardial cancer). The symptoms usually don't show up for a long time after asbestos exposure. Because of this, it's crucial for those who have worked around asbestos to have their health checked if they develop any strange symptoms. A doctor will collect an medical history to look for mesothelioma risk factors such as the length of time and intensity the patient was exposed to asbestos. The doctor will also perform an examination to find symptoms of mesothelioma like the accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity. The type of cells found in mesothelium, as well as the locations of those cells are used to identify mesothelioma. The most popular mesothelioma type is epithelioid, which makes up between 60 and the majority of mesothelioma patients. Other types of mesothelioma are biphasic and sarcomatoid mesothelioma which account for around 10 to 15% of mesothelioma patients. There are hemet asbestos lawsuit of treatment options for mesothelioma. The type of treatment depends on the type of mesothelioma and the stage of the disease. In certain cases, mesothelioma may be treatable with chemotherapy or radiation. In these treatments, doctors inject powerful cancer-fighting medications or use special equipment to kill cancerous tumors and decrease the chance of mesothelioma returning. Other forms of mesothelioma can be treated surgically which involves the removal of parts of the tissue lining of the organ affected. This can also ease symptoms like breathing problems. A person suffering from asbestosis pleural may undergo a procedure known as VATS. This involves inserting a camera into the lungs and removing a part of the lung and pleura. This procedure can ease breathlessness due to fluid buildup in the lung. However, it will not cure mesothelioma. Other options for treatment include pain management or support services. It is vital that people suffering from mesothelioma receive as much knowledge about the disease as they can and the best ways to treat it. The more they know, the better equipped they will be to plan for a the best possible and happy future.